Posted: March 28th, 2023
Unit 3: Food production
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primary sector
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a sector which consists of activities that provide resources obtained from nature
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agriculture, livestock farming, fishing, forestry
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the four activities of the primary sector
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agriculture
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the cultivation of land
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agrarian holding
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a group of areas of land or farm that are worked on by a person or company to produce products
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agrarian landscape
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the landscape created by different shapes and sizes of pieces of land
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plot
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a piece of land
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open-field landscape
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plots of land that are not enclosed by fences
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closed-field landscape
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plots of land that are enclosed by hedges, walls or fences
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greenhouse
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an enclosed area made of a metal structure covered with plastic or glass to allow sunlight to enter
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intensive agriculture
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the type of agriculture whose objective is to make full use of the land, using advanced cultivation techniques and irrigation systems
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extensive agriculture
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the type of agriculture which uses natural resources from the environment
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fallow land
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uncultivated land
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yield
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the amount produced of an agricultural product
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rainfed agriculture
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the type of agriculture when crops only receive rainwater
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irrigated agriculture
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the type of agriculture when extra water is provided to the crops by artificial systems
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monoculture
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the type of agriculture when all of the land is devoted to one product
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polyculture
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the type of agriculture when various plants are grown on the same holding
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commercial agriculture
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the type of agriculture whose objective is to sell products to make a profit, usually involving large plantations
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transgenic crops
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genetically modified crops
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organic farming
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the type of agriculture in which no fertilisers, chemicals, or genetically modified crops are used
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swidden agriculture
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an ancient farming technique which is practised in Latin America, South Asia and in areas of the African savannah, which consists of cutting down an area of forest and burning the trees
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rainfed crop rotation
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a farming system used by the tribes of the African savannah, which consists of alternating different crops on the same piece of land
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monsoon-irrigated agriculture
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a form of agriculture which is practised in some parts of Asia, using the areas flooded by the monsoon winds
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soil exhaustion
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the process when the soil uses up its nutrients and becomes less fertile
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plantation agriculture
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the type of agriculture which originates from the agricultural holdings established by European conquerors to grow exotic products like cocoa beans, coffee and cotton
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livestock
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all the animals kept on a farm
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fertiliser
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a substance added to the soil to make plants grow more successfully
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food security
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the situation in which everyone has access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food
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subsistence agriculture
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the type of agriculture in which farmers' main objective is to obtain food for their families, with various products grown on small holdings
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forestry
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the practice of planting and taking care of trees and forests
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fishing
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the capture of aquatic animals in seas, rivers and lakes
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fishing grounds
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maritime areas where fish species are concentrated
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aquaculture
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the breeding of aquatic animals and plants in captivity
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coastal fishing
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the type of fishing in which small traditional fishing boats are used
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inshore fishing
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the type of fishing which takes places near the coast with medium-sized boats
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offshore fishing
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the type of fishing which takes place in deep seas with large ships
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terraces
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a method of culitvation on the slopes of the mountains consisting of different "steps"
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manure
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organic matter used as fertiliser in agriculture
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compact rural habitat
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the houses are located in the same place of the agricultural space forming towns, villages or hamlets
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dispersed rural habitat
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the houses are isolated in the agricultural space next to the farms
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interspersed settlement
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one or various villages, and some of the population is dispersed across the countryside
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subsidies
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a sum of money granted by the state to promote the primary activities
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harvest
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the process of gathering a ripe crop from the fields
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bovine
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a family of livestock which includes cows, buffalo, and bison
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poultry
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domesticated birds kept by humans for their eggs, their meat or their feathers
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porcine
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a family of livestock related to pigs
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ovine
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a family of livestock related to sheep
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fodder
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food that is given to domestic animals
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beef
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the name for the meat of the domestic bovine
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pork
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the name for the meat of the domestic pig
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extensive livestock farming
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an animal farming system characterised by a low productivity, where livestock graze freely in pasture and feeding areas
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intensive livestock farming
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an animal farming system characterised by a high productivity, where livestock kept together in barns
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hormones
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products used to artificially fatten livestock
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overfishing
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catching too many fish in an area of the sea or body of water
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marine fishing
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fishing that takes place on fishing grounds in seas and oceans
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inland fishing
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fishing that takes place on fishing grounds in rivers and lakes
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territorial waters
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the waters under the jurisdiction of a state, extending up to 200 miles offshore
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shoal of fish
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a large number of fish swimming together
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fishing fleet
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the vessels used in the fishing industry
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