Posted: March 28th, 2023
Urban Patterns – Mexico City and Urban Expansion
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Harm deBlij
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geographer who created a concentric zone model for Sub-Saharan Africa cities - the inner rings had higher income people and the outer rings were informal/squatter settlements
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informal settlement
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a residential area where housing has been built on land to which the occupants have no legal claim or has not been built to the city's standards for legal buildings
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Ernest Griffin and Larry Ford
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geographers who showed that in Latin America cities, wealthy people push out from the center in a well-defined elite residential sector - form along a narrow spine that contains shops attractive to wealthy people
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T.G. McGee
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made a model of a SE Asian city that superimposes on concentric zones several nodes of squatter settlements and what he called "alien" zones, where foreigners, usually Chinese, live and work
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Aztecs
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founded the precolonial Mexico City
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Tenochtitlán
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the name for the precolonial Mexico City
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Chapultepec
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the hill where Tenochtitlán was founded
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Lake Texcoco
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the island where Tenochtitlán was moved to
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Great Temple
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the node of religious life in Tenochtitlán
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the Spanish
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conquered Tenochtitlán in 1521 after a 2-year siege
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Zócalo
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the main square around which the Spanish built Mexico City, on the site of the Aztecs' sacred precinct in the center of the island
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Emperor Maximilian
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designed a 14-lane, tree-lined boulevard patterned after the Champs-Elysées in Paris (the Paseo de la Reforma) - extended 3 kilometers southwest from the center of Mexico City to Chapultepec and became a center for the wealthy
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suburb
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a residential or commercial area situated within an urban area but outside the central city
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annexation
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the process of legally adding land to a city - was desired in the 19th century but is less desired now
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special districts
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provide services like fire protection, water supply, libraries, and public transport
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local governments in the US
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90,056
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council of governments
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a cooperative agency consisting of representatives of the various local governments in the region - most US metropolitan areas have these
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2 kinds of council of governments
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consolidations of city and county government (ex. Indianapolis and Miami) and federations (ex. Toronto)
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sprawl
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the development of suburbs at relatively low density and at locations that are not contiguous to the existing built-up area
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density gradient
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the density change in an urban area, the number of houses per unit of land diminishes as distance from the center city increases
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2 recent density changes
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fewer people living in the center and fewer density difference within urban areas - these flatten the density gradient and reduce the extremes of density b/w inner and outer areas
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green belts
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rings of open space built around some British cities
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smart growth
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legislation and regulations to limit suburban growth and preserve farmland
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commercial segregation
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residents are separated from commercial and manufacturing activities that are confined to compact, distinct areas
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residential segregation
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housing in a suburban community is usually built for people of a single social class, with others excluded by virtue of the cost, size, or location of the housing
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zoning ordinances
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a law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in a community
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segmentation
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the process of partitioning markets into groups of potential customers with similar needs and characteristics who are likely to exhibit similar purchasing behavior
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Potential Rating Index by Zip Market (PRIZM)
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created by Nielsen Claritas - a person is likely to live near people who are similar
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John Borchert
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geographer who identified 5 epochs of US urban areas from changing transport
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5 epochs from changing transport
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The Sail-Wagon Epoch, the Iron Horse Epoch, the Steel Rail Epoch, the Auto-Air Amenity Epoch, the Satellite-Electronic-Jet Propulsion Epoch
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2 benefits of motor vehicles
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comfort, choice, and flexibility; perceived costs - less than public transport fees
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rush hour
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or peak hour - the 4 consecutive 15-minute periods that have the heaviest traffic
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heavy rail
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includes underground subways and elevated trains
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light rail
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includes trams and streetcars
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